Gregory Schopen, chair of the UCLA Department of Asian Languages and Cultures and an authority on ancient Indian Buddhism has been separating Buddhist fact from fiction for the past 30 years. In this UCLA Faculty Research Lecture, Schopen explores the Buddha as an astute businessman, economist and lawyer
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October 2009
10/30/2009
10/28/2009
The Parasol in Tibetan Buddhism
In nature, the dome of the sky arches above the mountain. The parasol in Buddhism is symbolically a device which casts a shadow, and therefore, offers protection from heat. Also, in Indian mythology, the parasol has traditionally been associated with royalty. Held above the head, it conveys honour and reverence, and hence the Buddha is often depicted sitting under a decorative parasol.
The concept of the parasol providing shelter from the sun’s heat translates into the Buddha’s teachings protecting us from the “heat” of negative forces like greed, lust and suffering, obstacles in the path of the spirit’s journey towards enlightenment.
The Tibetan parasol is inspired both by Indian and Chinese designs used by royalty. Its wooden spoke is topped by a dome-shaped cover, with a silky “skirt” hanging from the rim. The dome represents wisdom and the skirt, compassion, both of these being essential Buddhist values.
10/20/2009
The Urn in Tibetan Buddhism
The urn closely resembles the round-bellied, slim-necked kalash of Hinduism. A large jewel on top gives the urn its other name, the Vase of Treasure. The urn is symbolic of limitless wealth.
Traditionally, Buddhist treasure vases are filled with sacred materials and placed upon altars. They are buried near springs and mountain passes in the belief that they are conducive to a harmonious environment. It is believed that their presence attracts wealth.
Of greater significance is that the urn represents the abundant spiritual wealth of the Buddha. No matter how much he gives away, more will always be forthcoming.
10/13/2009
The Flag in Tibetan Buddhism
In Hindu mythology the flag or Banner of Victory is often featured as a military standard. In Buddhism, it is emblematic of the conquest of ignorance.
It is also symbolic of the Buddha’s triumph over the four Maras, or obstacles on the path to enlightenment. These are passion, greed, emotional degradation and the fear of death. To achieve enlightenment, all sentient beings must conquer these hurdles.
Traditionally, cylindrical banners made of beaten copper are placed at the four corners of Buddhist temples. They point to the spread of Buddhist doctrine in four directions and the Buddha’s victory over the Maras.
